Document Type
Conference Proceeding
Publication Title
ICAIL '25: Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law
Editors
Juliano Maranhão
Abstract
Argumentation frameworks (AFs) provide formal approaches for legal reasoning, but identifying sources of ambiguity and explaining argument acceptance remains challenging for non-experts. We present AF-XRAY, an open-source toolkit for exploring, analyzing, and visualizing abstract AFs in legal reasoning. AF-XRAY introduces: (i) layered visualizations based on game-theoretic argument length revealing well-founded derivation structures; (ii) classification of attack edges by semantic roles (primary, secondary, blunders); (iii) overlay visualizations of alternative 2-valued solutions on ambiguous 3-valued grounded semantics; and (iv) identification of critical attack sets whose suspension resolves undecided arguments. Through systematic generation of critical attack sets, AF-XRAY transforms ambiguous scenarios into grounded solutions, enabling users to pinpoint specific causes of ambiguity and explore alternative resolutions. We use real-world legal cases (e.g., Wild Animals as modeled by Bench-Capon) to show that our tool supports teleological legal reasoning by revealing how different assumptions lead to different justified conclusions.
Pages
495-497
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.1145/3769126.3769246
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery
Publication Date
1-2026
Keywords
argumentation frameworks, legal reasoning, interactive visualization, explainable AI
Disciplines
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics | Computer Law | Computer Sciences
ISBN
979-8400719394
Recommended Citation
Yilin Xia, Heng Zheng, Shawn Bowers, and Bertram Ludäscher. 2026. AF-XRAY: Visual Explanation and Resolution of Ambiguity in Legal Argumentation Frameworks. In Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL '25). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 495–497. https://doi.org/10.1145/3769126.3769246
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License.
Comments
This content was originally presented at the Twentieth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, held from June 16-20, 2025, in Chicago, IL.