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International Journal of Servant-Leadership

Abstract

In a world of hard-to-predict, rapid change, leaders must understand the complexity of our social and natural world of variations, need for mutual interactive discussion, and process of selection for effective leadership. According to Axelrod and Cohen (2000), it is hard to predict situations in Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS), which means a "world where many players are all adapting to each other and where the emerging future is extremely hard to predict" (p. xi). Complex Adaptive Systems has a premise that agents are diverse (pp. 47 & 33). In a monoculture community, such as that of the Okpo/Ihechiowa in Southeast Nigeria, the lack of leadership experience in complex diversified cultures affects any adaptation to multifaceted modern economic, social, and political development. It also affects adaptation to the dynamic complexity of interaction and selection of leaders in the face of innovation. Torti Ufere, a native of Okpo, stepped out to explore the knowledge behind the successful development in modern nations, which seemed to elude the Okpo indigenous leadership model.

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